Ngo-2017 kanye nekota yokuqala ka-2018, ukusebenza jikelele kwemboni yemishini yendwangu kwakuzinzile futhi kuhle, futhi imiyalo yemikhiqizo yamabhizinisi amaningi igcine umfutho omuhle wokukhula.Yiziphi izizathu zokutholwa kwemakethe yemishini yendwangu?Ingabe lesi simo semakethe singaqhubeka?Ikuphi ukuthuthukiswa okugxilwe kukho kwamabhizinisi emishini yendwangu esikhathini esizayo?
Kusukela ocwaningweni lwakamuva lwamabhizinisi kanye nedatha yezibalo efanelekile, akunzima ukubona isimo samanje sebhizinisi kanye nokufuna ukuqondiswa kwamabhizinisi emishini yendwangu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokukhuthazwa okuqhubekayo kokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yendwangu kanye nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo, isidingo semakethe yemishini yendwangu siveza izici ezintsha.
Ukukhula kwemishini ezenzakalelayo kanye nemishini ehlakaniphile kusobala
Ukuzuza ekuvuseleleni okuqhubekayo komnotho womhlaba, ukukhula okuzinzile komnotho omkhulu wasekhaya, ukusebenza okuzinzile okuphelele kwemboni yendwangu kanye nokubuyiselwa kwesidingo semakethe yezindwangu yamazwe ngamazwe neyasekhaya, isimo semakethe yemishini yendwangu ngokuvamile sihle. .Ngokombono wokusebenza kwezomnotho jikelele embonini yemishini yendwangu, ngo-2017, imali engenayo yebhizinisi eliyinhloko kanye nenzuzo yanda kakhulu, futhi umthamo wokuhweba wokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle ubonise ukukhula kwamadijithi amabili.Ngemuva kokwehla okuncane ngo-2015 nango-2016, inani lokuthekelisa lemikhiqizo yemishini yendwangu lifinyelele irekhodi eliphezulu ngo-2017.
Ngokombono wohlobo lwemishini, amaphrojekthi emishini yokuphotha agxile emabhizinisini amakhulu anezinzuzo, kuyilapho amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo anamandla emakethe abuthakathaka anamathuba amancane.Imishini yokuphotha ezenzakalelayo, eqhubekayo futhi ehlakaniphile yanda kakhulu.Ngokwezibalo ze-China Textile Machinery Association emabhizinisini okukhiqiza abalulekile, ngo-2017, cishe imishini yamakhadi ye-4900 yathengiswa, okwakungonyaka ofanayo nonyaka;Cishe amafreyimu emidwebo angu-4100 athengisiwe, nokunyuka konyaka ngo-14.6%.Phakathi kwazo, kwathengiswa amafreyimu okudweba angaba ngu-1850 afakwe izinto zokuzilinganisa, ngokunyuka konyaka ngo-21%, okubalelwa ku-45% yenani eliphelele;Kwathengiswa amakhompa angaphezu kuka-1200, okwakuwunyaka ofanayo nonyaka;Kuthengiswe amafreyimu okuzulazula angaphezu kuka-1500, anebhalansi yonyaka nonyaka, okuthi cishe angu-280 afakwe imishini yokudonsela phansi ezenzakalelayo, nokukhuphuka konyaka ngo-47%, okubalelwa ku-19% yenani eliphelele;Uhlaka lokuphotha lukakotini luthengise ama-spindle angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-4.6 (okukhona cishe ama-spindle ayizigidi ezi-1 athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe), nokukhuphuka konyaka ngo-18%.Phakathi kwazo, izimoto ezinde (ezifakwe i-collective doffing device) zithengise ama-spindle angaba yizigidi ezi-3, nokunyuka konyaka ngo-15%.Izimoto ezinde zibalelwa ku-65% sezizonke.Uhlaka oluyinhloko olunomshini wokuphotha weqoqo lwalulinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-1.9 zokuphotha, okwenza u-41% yenani eliphelele;Ithuluzi lokuphotha elihlanganisiwe lithengise ama-spindle angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5, okuwukukhuphuka kancane kunonyaka odlule;Ukuthengiswa kwemishini yokuphotha i-rotor kwakungaba ngu-480000, nokunyuka konyaka ngonyaka ngama-33%;Angaphezu kuka-580 amawinda azishintshayo adayisiwe, okunyuke unyaka nonyaka ngo-9.9%.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2017, amakhanda okuphotha ama-vortex angaphezu kuka-30000 angeziwe, futhi umthamo wasekhaya wokuphotha we-vortex wawungamakhanda angaba ngu-180000.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, ukuqinisa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuguqulwa nokuqedwa kwemishini emidala, isidingo sezinsimbi ze-rapier ezinesivinini esikhulu, izinsimbi zejethi zamanzi kanye nezinsimbi zendiza yomoya emishinini yokuluka sikhule kakhulu.Amakhasimende abeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme ekuzivumelaniseni nezimo, inzuzo kanye nesivinini esikhulu semishini yokuluka.Ngo-2017, abakhiqizi abakhulu basekhaya bathengisa i-7637 high-speed rapier looms, ukunyuka konyaka ngonyaka ka-18,9%;34000 amajethi emishini yamanzi adayisiwe, nokunyuka konyaka ngo-13.3%;Kwadayiswa ama-air-jet looms angu-13136, okukhuphuke unyaka nonyaka ngama-72.8%.
Imboni yemishini yokuluka ikhule kancane kancane, futhi imakethe yemishini yokuluka eyisicaba inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu.Ngokwezibalo ze-China Textile Machinery Association, ivolumu yokuthengisa yemishini yokuluka eyisicaba ngo-2017 yayicishe ibe ngu-185000, ngokunyuka konyaka ngonyaka okungaphezu kwama-50%, ingxenye yawo yemishini ye-vamp yanda.Ukusebenza emakethe kwemishini yokuluka eyindilinga bekuzinzile.Ukuthengiswa kwaminyaka yonke kwemishini yokuluka eyindilinga bekungama-21500, nokukhuphuka okuncane ngesikhathi esifanayo.Imakethe yomshini wokuluka i-warp ibuyile, ngokuthengiswa kwamasethi angaba ngu-4100 unyaka wonke, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngama-41%.
Izimfuno zezimboni zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola, kanye nokunciphisa abasebenzi kulethe izinselele namathuba ebhizinisi ezinkampanini zokunyathelisa, ukudaya nokuqeda imishini.Amathemba emakethe emikhiqizo ezenzakalelayo nehlakaniphile efana nesistimu yokuqapha ukukhiqizwa kwedijithali, ukulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nesistimu yokusabalalisa okuzenzakalelayo, umshini wokusetha amatende wokonga amandla kanye nokukhishwa kwe-emission, ukukhuhla okusha okuqhubekayo kanye nokuhlanza nokuwasha imishini yezindwangu ezilukiwe, kanye negesi ephezulu- umshini wokudaya uketshezi uyathembisa.Ukukhula kwemishini yokudaya ukugeleza komoya (kuhlanganise nemishini kagesi-uketshezi) kusobala, futhi umthamo wokuthengisa wamabhizinisi amaningi ngo-2017 ukhuphuke ngo-20% uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho ngo-2016. ukukhuphuka konyaka ngo-8%;Imishini yokunyathelisa yesikrini esiyindilinga engu-184 yathengiswa, yehla ngo-8% unyaka nonyaka;Ibalelwa ku-1700 imishini yokumisa amatende ethengisiwe, nokunyuka konyaka ngo-6%.
Kusukela ngo-2017, ukuthengiswa kwemishini yefayibha yamakhemikhali kuye kwathuthuka ngendlela eyindilinga, futhi ama-oda akhule kakhulu unyaka nonyaka.Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, ngo-2017, ukuthunyelwa kwemishini yokuphotha i-polyester ne-nylon filament kwakungama-spindle angu-7150, ngokunyuka konyaka ngonyaka ka-55.43%;Ama-oda amasethi aphelele emishini ye-polyester staple fiber abuyiselwe, akha umthamo ocishe ube ngamathani ayi-130000, nokukhula konyaka ngonyaka okungaba ngu-8.33%;Isethi ephelele yemishini ye-viscose filament iye yakha umthamo othile, futhi kunemiyalo eminingi yesethi ephelele yemishini ye-viscose staple fiber, enekhono lamathani angu-240000;Zibalelwa ku-1200 izikhiqizo zezinhlamvu zesivinini esikhulu ezithengisiwe unyaka wonke, nokunyuka konyaka ngo-54%.Ngaso leso sikhathi, amandla obunjiniyela bamabhizinisi okukhiqiza i-fibre filament athuthukisiwe, futhi nokutshalwa kwezimali ekukhiqizeni okuzenzakalelayo kuye kwanda kakhulu.Isibonelo, imakethe yokuvula okuzenzakalelayo, ukupakisha, ukugcinwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-chemical fiber filament ingcono.
Ngokuqhutshwa isidingo esinamandla semboni ye-nonwoven engezansi, ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwemboni yemishini engalukiwe “kunokuqhuma”.Ivolumu yokuthengisa yezinaliti, i-spunlace kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza encibilikayo ye-spunbond / spinning ifinyelele izinga eliphakeme kakhulu emlandweni.Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele zamabhizinisi omgogodla, ngo-2017, kwakukhona imigqa yokuthungatha ye-320 edayisiwe, kuhlanganise nemigqa ecishe ibe ngu-50 enobubanzi obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-6 kanye nemigqa engaphezu kwe-100 enobubanzi bamamitha angu-3-6;Ukuthengiswa kwentambo ye-spunlace kanye ne-spunbond kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza eyinhlanganisela ye-spinning melt kungaphezu kwama-50;Ivolumu yokuthengisa emakethe (kuhlanganise nokuthekelisa) yemigqa yokukhiqiza eyinhlanganisela yenhlanganisela ye-spunbonded ne-spun ingaphezu kwemigqa engama-200.
Isekhona indawo yezimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle
Ukwanda kokuthengiswa kwemishini yendwangu ehlakaniphile nesezingeni eliphezulu kukhombisa izidingo eziphezulu zokulungiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni, ukuguqulwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yendwangu embonini yokukhiqiza imishini.Amabhizinisi emishini yendwangu ahambisana nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yendwangu, ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni kujulile, ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka njalo futhi busungula izinto ezintsha, futhi bacwaninga ngenkuthalo futhi bathuthukise imishini esebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni, ukwethembeka okuhle kanye nokulawulwa okuhle kwesistimu kuyamukelwa. ngasemakethe.
Ukuphrinta kwe-ink-jet yedijithali kunezici zokuhlukahluka, inqwaba encane kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso komuntu siqu.Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezinga lobuchwepheshe, isivinini sokunyathelisa somshini wokunyathelisa wedijithali onesivinini esikhulu sesisondele kuleso sokunyathelisa kwesikrini esiyisicaba, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza ziye zehla kancane kancane.Ukubonakala kombala okucebile, akukho mkhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwemali, asikho isidingo sokwenza amapuleti, ikakhulukazi ekongeni amanzi, ukonga amandla, ukuthuthukisa indawo yokusebenza, ukwehlisa izinga labasebenzi, ukwandisa inani elengeziwe lomkhiqizo nezinye izici ukuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe, esibonise ukukhula okuqhumayo. emakethe yomhlaba eminyakeni yamuva nje.Njengamanje, imishini yasekhaya yokunyathelisa yedijithali ayigcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe yasekhaya, kodwa futhi yamukelwa yimakethe yaphesheya kwezilwandle ngokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusheshisa ukudluliswa kwemboni yendwangu emhlabeni wonke kanye nokusheshisa ukuhlelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwamabhizinisi ezindwangu zasekhaya eminyakeni yamuva nje, imakethe yokuthekelisa yemishini yendwangu ibhekene namathuba amakhulu.
Ngokwemininingwane yezibalo yokuthekelisa kwemishini yezindwangu ngo-2017, phakathi kwezigaba ezinkulu zemishini yendwangu, umthamo wokuthekelisa kanye nengxenye yemishini yokuluka kubekwe kuqala, nenani lokuthekelisa eliyizigidigidi eziyi-1.04 zamadola aseMelika.Imishini engalukiwe ikhule ngokushesha kakhulu, ngenani lokuthekelisa eliyizigidi eziyi-123 zamadola aseMelika, okuwukukhula konyaka ngama-34.2%.Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwemishini yokuphotha nakho kukhuphuke ngo-24.73% uma kuqhathaniswa nowezi-2016.
Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, ihhovisi lommeleli wezohwebo wase-United States lishicilele uhlu lwemikhiqizo ehlongozwayo yophenyo lwe-301 nge-China, oluhlanganisa iningi lemikhiqizo yemishini yezindwangu kanye nezingxenye.Mayelana nomthelela wesinyathelo saseMelika, uWang Shutian, uMongameli weChina Textile Machinery Association, uthe emabhizinisini, lesi sinyathelo sizonyusa izindleko zamabhizinisi aseShayina angena emakethe yaseMelika futhi kulimaze ukuzimisela kwamabhizinisi emboni yendwangu ukuqhubeka nokutshala imali I-united states.Kodwa-ke, mayelana nemboni, ekuthunyelweni kwemishini yendwangu yaseShayina, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-United States kubalwa ingxenye encane futhi ngeke kube nomthelela omkhulu.
Ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokuqamba kanye nokwehlukanisa inhloso yentuthuko
Sibheke phambili kulesi simo ngo-2018, imakethe yemishini yendwangu yasekhaya izophinde ikhulule isidingo sokuvuselela nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini;Emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, ngokusheshisa ukudluliswa kwezimboni zemboni yendwangu kanye nenqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yohlelo lwaseChina lwe-“Belt and Road”, indawo yokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yendwangu yaseChina izophinde ivulwe, futhi imboni yemishini yendwangu isazoqhubeka. kulindeleke ukuthi kuzuzwe ukusebenza okuzinzile.
Yize abangaphakathi embonini kanye namabhizinisi benethemba ngesimo sango-2018, u-Wang Shutian usenethemba lokuthi amabhizinisi angabona ngokujulile ukuthi kusenezingqinamba eziningi kanye nobunzima ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yemishini yendwangu: kusekhona igebe ngezinga elithuthukile lamazwe omhlaba. imishini ephezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe;Amabhizinisi abhekene nezinkinga ezifana nokwenyuka kwezindleko, ukushoda kwamathalente kanye nobunzima bokuqasha abasebenzi.
U-Wang Shutian ukholelwa ukuthi ngo-2017, inani lokungenisa lemishini yendwangu liphinde ladlula inani lokuthekelisa, okubonisa ukuthi imishini yendwangu yasekhaya ayikwazi ukuhambisana nesivinini sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yendwangu, futhi sisekhona indawo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa.
Uma sithatha okokusebenza kokuphotha njengesibonelo, ngokwezibalo zamasiko, inani eliphelele lokungenisa lemishini yokuphotha mainframe ngo-2017 lalilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-747 zamadola aseMelika, okuwukunyuka kwama-42% unyaka nonyaka.Phakathi kwemishini eyinhloko engenisiwe, uhlaka lwe-cotton roving, ifreyimu yokuphotha ukotini, ifreyimu yokuphotha uboya, umshini wokuphotha we-air-jet vortex, i-automatic winder, njll. yanda kakhulu unyaka nonyaka.Ikakhulukazi, umthamo wokungenisa womshini wokuphotha i-air-jet vortex ukhuphuke ngo-85% unyaka nonyaka.
Kusukela kudatha yokungenisa, kungabonakala ukuthi izinto zasekhaya ezinomthamo wemakethe encane, ezifana ne-wool comber, i-roving frame kanye nohlaka lokuphotha, kuncike ekungenisweni, okubonisa ukuthi amabhizinisi asekhaya emishini yendwangu anotshalomali oluncane ocwaningweni lwemishini enemakethe encane. , futhi kunegebe elikhulu phakathi kweChina namazwe angaphandle ewonke.Ukwenyuka kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kohlaka lwe-cotton roving kanye nohlaka lokuphotha lukakotini luqhutshwa ikakhulukazi ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ama-winging aqinile namancane.Inombolo enkulu yemishini yokuphotha ye-air-jet vortex kanye ne-tray winders othomathikhi ithunyelwa minyaka yonke, okubonisa ukuthi imishini enjalo iseyibhodi elifushane e-China.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungeniswa kwemishini engalukiwe kwanda kakhulu.Ngokwezibalo zamasiko, inani eliphelele lemishini engalukiwe ngo-2017 lalingama-US $126 wezigidi, okuwukunyuka konyaka nonyaka ngama-79.1%.Phakathi kwazo, ukungeniswa kwemishini ye-spunlace kanye nezesekeli kukhuphuke cishe izikhathi ezintathu;Imishini yamakhadi engama-20 ebanzi yangeniswa kwamanye amazwe.Kuyabonakala ukuthi isimanga semishini yokhiye yesivinini esikhulu kanye nesezingeni eliphezulu ethembele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe isasobala.Imishini ye-Chemical Fibre isabala ingxenye enkulu yemishini yendwangu ethengwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nemishini.Ngokwezibalo zamasiko, ukungeniswa okuphelele kwemishini yefayibha yamakhemikhali ngo-2017 kwakuyi-US $ 400 million, ukukhuphuka konyaka ngonyaka ngama-67.9%.
U-Wang Shutian uthe ukuthuthukiswa kwekhono lokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa komehluko kuseyiyona nto okugxilwe kuyo ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo.Lokhu kudinga ukuthi siqhubeke nokwenza umsebenzi omuhle emsebenzini oyisisekelo, sihlale siphethe ukuphatha, ubuchwepheshe kanye nokusha kwemikhiqizo, sithuthukise izinga lomkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, sibe phansi futhi sihambisane nezikhathi.Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho amabhizinisi nezimboni zingathuthuka ngokuqhubekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-28-2018